Cerro La Jara Stop 6
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New Mexico
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Cerro La Jara Stop 6
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So far, you have learned that about 1.2 million years ago, a giant volcanic eruption occurred and created Valles Caldera when the roof of the empty magma chamber collapsed. The material that was erupted (called the Bandelier Tuff) was deposited inside the new hole in the ground and on the surrounding landscape. Shortly after that, molten rock that was still under the caldera floor pushed the ground up to create the resurgent dome, Redondo Peak, that is now ahead of you. The volcanic domes Cerro La Jara – to your right, and South Mountain – to your left, were formed when thick, rhyolitic lava was extruded at the surface through vents and fissures that were located above the ring fracture system.<br /> <br /> The volcanic dome, Cerro La Jara, is still to your right. This is a good place to see flow banding in the rocks. The banding looks like layers in the rock and indicates that either different lava textures or different lava composition, or both, made the rocks break down and weather differently.<br /> <br /> Imagine a lake, right here where you are standing. Over the hundreds of thousands of years since it was formed, the caldera was sometimes home to a lake, or several lakes. Sediment deposits show that one of the lakes was about 75 feet deep here. The gently sloped mound ahead of you is made of a frothy rock called pumice that was floating on a lake and was left behind when the water broke through a lava dam and drained, leaving the pumice raft behind.<br /> <br /> Lake deposits of mud, silt, and sand contain climate indicators such as pollen. Scientists use these to learn about past climates. The climate has changed many times since the creation of Valles Caldera and is changing today. Climate records from the last 100 years show the average yearly temperature in the area is increasing quickly and the average yearly precipitation is decreasing.<br /> <br /> Continue on the trail to Stop 7, which is on a high point around the corner where you can see the road and mountains in the distance.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <p dir="ltr"><em><b id="docs-internal-guid-abb6378c-7fff-36af-44eb-06b902f15393">Hasta ahora, has aprendido que hace aproximadamente 1.2 millones de años se sucedió una erupción volcánica gigantesca que creó la caldera de Valles cuando se derrumbó el techo de la cámara magmática vacía. El material que entró en erupción (denominado toba de Bandelier) se depositó dentro del nuevo agujero en el suelo y en el paisaje circundante. Poco después, la roca fundida que aún se encontraba bajo el suelo de la caldera empujó el terreno hacia arriba y creó el domo resurgente, Redondo Peak, que ahora se encuentra frente a ti. Los domos volcánicos Cerro La Jara, a tu derecha, y South Mountain, a tu izquierda, se formaron cuando la lava riolítica espesa se extruyó en la superficie a través de conductos y fisuras que se encontraban sobre el sistema de fracturas anulares.</b></em></p> <p dir="ltr"><em><b id="docs-internal-guid-abb6378c-7fff-36af-44eb-06b902f15393">El domo volcánico, Cerro La Jara, sigue estando a su derecha. Este es un buen lugar para ver las bandas de flujo en las rocas. Las bandas parecen capas en la roca e indican que o bien diferentes texturas de lava o diferentes composiciones de lava, o ambas cosas, hicieron que las rocas se descompusieran y se erosionaran de manera diferente.</b></em></p> <p dir="ltr"><em><b id="docs-internal-guid-abb6378c-7fff-36af-44eb-06b902f15393">Imagina un lago justo aquí, donde estás parado. Durante los cientos de miles de años desde su formación, la caldera albergó en ocasiones un lago o varios lagos. Los depósitos de sedimentos muestran que uno de los lagos tenía aquí una profundidad de unos 23 metros. El monte que se encuentra frente a ti está formado por una roca espumosa llamada piedra pómez que flotaba en un lago y quedó atrás cuando el agua rompió una presa de lava y se drenó, dejando atrás la balsa de piedra pómez.</b></em></p> <p dir="ltr"><em><b id="docs-internal-guid-abb6378c-7fff-36af-44eb-06b902f15393">Los depósitos lacustres de lodo, limo y arena contienen indicadores climáticos como el polen. Los científicos los utilizan para obtener información sobre los climas del pasado. El clima ha cambiado muchas veces desde la creación de Valles Caldera y sigue cambiando en la actualidad. Los registros climáticos de los últimos 100 años muestran que la temperatura media anual de la zona está aumentando rápidamente y que la precipitación media anual está disminuyendo.</b></em></p> <p dir="ltr"><em><b id="docs-internal-guid-abb6378c-7fff-36af-44eb-06b902f15393">Continúe por el sendero hasta la parada 7, que se encuentra en un punto elevado a la vuelta de la esquina, desde donde se puede ver la carretera y las montañas en la distancia.</b></em></p>

Cerro La Jara Stop 5
~0 min drive
The large mountain in the distance directly ahead of you is Redondo Peak. The smaller peak just to the right is Redondito. These mountains are part of a resurgent dome in the center of Valles Caldera. A resurgent dome is different than a volcanic dome; it wasn’t extruded as la…

Cerro La Jara Stop 4
~0 min drive
Look straight down the path. Cerro La Jara is to your right and South Mountain is directly in front of you. Both of these formations are volcanic domes. Volcanic domes are formed by the extrusion of lava that piles up in a dome shape. Cerro La Jara and South Mountain were form…

Cerro La Jara Stop 7
~1 min drive
Look northward across the road. The broad valley is Valle Grande. A lake filled this valley several times in the past. If the lighting is right, you will be able to see low, flat lying ridges at the base of the mountains in the distance. These ridges are sediments that were de…

Cerro La Jara Stop 8
~1 min drive
Did you notice that prairie dogs make this area their home? They like to make chirping noises to warn each other of people in the area, so they are difficult to miss! What they are also doing is trying to make future trace fossils. A trace fossil is a record of life that isn’t…

Cerro La Jara Stop 2
~1 min drive
<p>As you walked, you probably noticed that you are walking in a large valley and there are rounded hills or mountains in the distance, behind you, and to your right. You are walking in a volcanic caldera – a depression formed during a volcanic eruption. This caldera was forme…

Birding By Car Stop 4
~1 min drive
At the entrance station, we are surrounded by montane grasslands. Across the road is a small, forested lava dome called Cerro La Jara. If you're looking for a short hike with lots of wildlife watching opportunities, there's a wonderful 1.4-mile loop trail around the lava dome.…

Cerro La Jara Stop 1
~1 min drive
<p>Welcome to the Cerro La Jara Trail in Valles Caldera National Preserve. This trail is about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long and will likely take 1 to 2 hours to complete. The elevation change is small – about 50 feet. Leashed pets are permitted on this trail, but please ensure that…

The Movie Set Cabin
~2 min drive
Located on Valles Caldera's main entrance road, approximately a half mile from NM State Route 4, this cabin is part of the 2003 "The Missing" movie set starring Tommy Lee Jones and Cate Blanchett. Park at the Jemez River Trailhead and walk a quarter mile up the trail beyond th…

Saddle Shed
~2 min drive
The saddle shed, also known as the tack shed, was built in 1963 to serve ranch operations. Ranch hands started their days here, grooming their horses and saddling up before sunrise. They would ride up to 20 miles a day, checking on livestock, inspecting fences, and tending to…

Birding By Car Stop 1
~6 min drive
This site, near the South Valle Grande Trailhead along NM State Route 4, is predominantly mixed conifer forest and woodland (both dry and moist mesic). Prevalent plant species include blue spruce and ponderosa pine, fox tail, wildflowers, and yarrow. Watch for these birds each…